Visualization in neuroscience: a case of cortico-subcortical loops

Avant, Vol. XIII, No. 3, https://doi.org/10.26913/avant.3202216
published under license CC BY-NC-ND 3.0

Filip Stawski orcid-id
Institute of Philosophy
Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz
filip.stawski@ukw.edu.pl

Received 29 October 2022; accepted 16 December 2022; published 31 December 2022*
Download full text


Abstract: The aim of this paper and poster is to discuss some of the problems occurring in attempts to visualize neurobiological mechanisms. According to the thesis, neurobiological, static schemas should not only depict the order of connections among individual neural structures accordingly, but they have also the potential to present more detailed information about relations within mechanisms, such as patterns of dynamic interactions, their intensity, arrangement and the size of specific components, etc. First I will introduce the problems of visualization in neuroscience, then I am going to discuss these problems with an example of the cortico-subcortical loops (C-SL) mechanism. Finally, I will show my solutions to some visualization problems and discuss the original schemas presented in the poster.

Keywords: visualization in neuroscience; cortico-subcortical loops; philosophy of neuroscience; mechanistic explanation; cognitive processes


Bibliography

Alexander, G. and Crutcher, M. D. (1990). Functional architecture of basal ganglia circuits: neural substrates of parallel processing. Trends in Neurosciences, 13(7), 266-271.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-2236(90)90107-L
 
Alexander, G., DeLong, M. and Strick, P. L. (1986). Parallel Organization of Functionally Segregated Circuits Linking Basal Ganglia and Cortex. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 9(1), 357-381.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ne.09.030186.002041
 
Bechtel, W. and Richardson, R. C. (2010). Discovering complexity: decomposition and localization as strategies in scientific research. MIT Press.
https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/8328.001.0001
 
Boone, W. and Piccinini, G. (2016). The cognitive neuroscience revolution. Synthese, 193(5), 1509-1534.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-015-0783-4
 
Craver, C. (2007). Explaining the brain: Mechanisms and the Mosaic Unity of Neuroscience. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199299317.001.0001
 
Crick, F. and Koch, C. (2005). What is the function of the claustrum? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 360(1458), 1271.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1661
 
Crittenden, J. R. and Graybiel, A. M. (2011). Basal Ganglia Disorders Associated with Imbalances in the Striatal Striosome and Matrix Compartments. Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, 5, 59.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2011.00059
 
Felten, D. L. and Shetty, A. N. (2012). Atlas neuroanatomii i neurofizjologii Nettera. Wrocław: Elsevier Urban & Partner.
 
Gallagher, S. (2005). How the Body Shapes the Mind. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1093/0199271941.001.0001
 
Gorzelańczyk, E. J. (2011). Functional Anatomy, Physiology and Clinical Aspects of Basal Ganglia, In: Peres, J. (ed.) Neuroimaging for Clinicians – Combining Research and Practice. InTech.
 
Graybiel, A. M. (1997). The basal ganglia and cognitive pattern generators. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 23(3), 459-469.
https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/23.3.459
 
Graybiel, A. M. and Mink, J. (2009). The Basal Ganglia and Cognition In: Gazzaniga, M. (ed.) The Cognitive Neurosciences (565-586). Cambridge: MIT Press.
https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/8029.003.0051
 
Hanssen, H., Steinhardt, J., Münchau, A., Al-Zubaidi, A., Tzvi, E., Heldmann, M., Schramm, P., Neumann, A., Rasche, D., Saryyeva, A., Voges, J., Galazky, I., Büntjen, L., Heinze, H. J., Krauss, J. K., Tronnier, V., Münte, T. F. and Brüggemann, N. (2019). Cerebello-striatal interaction mediates effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism and Related Disorders, 67, 99-104.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.09.003
 
Jaśkowski, P. (2009). Neuronauka poznawcza, jak mózg tworzy umysł? Warszawa: Vizja Press & IT.
 
Leisman, G., Braun-Benjamin, O. and Melillo, R. (2014). Cognitive-motor interactions of the basal ganglia in development. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 8.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2014.00016
 
Machamer, P., Darden, L. and Craver, C. (2000). Thinking about Mechanisms. Philosophy of Science, 67(1), 1-25.
https://doi.org/10.1086/392759
 
Middleton, F. and Strick, P. (2000). Basal ganglia and cerebellar loops: motor and cognitive circuits. Brain Research Reviews, 31(2-3), 236-250.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0173(99)00040-5
 
Milardi, D., Quartarone, A., Bramanti, A., Anastasi, G., Bertino, S., Basile, G. A., Buonasera, P., Pilone, G., Celeste, G., Rizzo, G., Bruschetta, D. and Cacciola, A. (2019). The Cortico-Basal Ganglia-Cerebellar Network: Past, Present and Future Perspectives. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 13(61).
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2019.00061
 
Miłkowski, M., Hohol, M. and Nowakowski, P. (2019). Mechanisms in psychology: The road towards unity? Theory & Psychology, 29(5), 567- 578.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0959354319875218
 
Mink, J. (1999). Basal ganglia In: Squire, L. et al. (eds). Fundamental Neuroscience. San Diego: Academic Press.
 
Postuma, R. B. and Dagher, A. (2006). Basal ganglia functional connectivity based on a meta-analysis of 126 positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging publications. Cerebral Cortex, 16(10), 1508-1521.
https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhj088
 
Riva, D., Taddei, M. and Bulgheroni, S. (2018). The neuropsychology of basal ganglia. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 22(2), 321-326.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2018.01.009
 
Sabatino, M., La Grutta, V., Ferraro, G. and La Grutta, G. (1986). Relations between basal ganglia and hippocampus: Action of substantia nigra and pallidum. Revue d’Electroencephalographie et de Neurophysiologie Clinique, 16(2), 179-190.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-4475(86)80010-7
 

Comments are closed.