Między obietnicą a umową. Granice zastosowania filozoficznego dyskursu o obietnicach w teorii prawa kontraktowego

Szymon Osmola

Abstract


Pojęcie obietnicy może być bardzo interesujące dla teoretyków prawa, zwłaszcza tych zajmujących się prawem kontraktowym. Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie dyskusji na temat obietnic toczonej na gruncie współczesnej filozofii analitycznej oraz przedstawienie różnych podejść do możliwości jej aplikacji na grunt teorii prawa. Wyróżnione zostaną trzy najważniejsze z nich: koncepcja umowy jako obietnicy (w formie zaproponowanej przez C. Frieda) oraz dwie koncepcje krytyczne – formalna oraz materialna. Koncepcja umowy jako obietnicy będzie odrzucona jako nieradząca sobie między innymi z tzw. paradoksem autonomii. Argumenty przedstawiane przez krytyków usposobionych formalnie zostaną uznane za zasadniczo trafne, ale niemożliwe do całkowitego zaakceptowania ze względu na cechujący je formalizm. Stanowisko reprezentowane niektórych zorientowanych materialnie krytyków uznane będzie za najbardziej obiecujące podejście, mimo że niekompletne i obarczone wieloma błędami.

 

Abstract

Between Promise and Contract. The Limist of Applications of Philosophical Discourse on Promises to Theory of Contract Law

 

The concept of promise may be very interesting for legal theorists, especially contract law theorists. The article aims to give a little bit of a discussion on promises in contemporary analytic philosophy and show some of its possible applications in legal theory. Three basic approaches will be distinguished: the contract as promise paradigm (in C. Fried’s formulation) and two ways of its critique – formal critique and material critique. The contract as promise paradigm will be rejected as incapable of coping with, among others, so called autonomy paradox. Arguments of formally-affected critics will be recognized as basically correct but impossible to be fully accepted because of their formalism. Some propositions of the material critique will be deemed the most promising, despite their incompleteness and numerous errors.

 

 


Keywords


obietnica, umowa, Fried, autonomia (promise, contract, Fried, autonomy)

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References


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